Find a variety of information to learn about a topic
- Introduction
- Background information
- Data or statistics
- First-hand experience
- Analysis
- Get Help
- Evaluate information with SIFT
Critical questions for data
Is the data representative?
Is the data current?
Define: LOGOS
When used well, data and statistics can show evidence of logic and appeal to someone's reason.
Background information -- What's the landscape?
Data or statistics -- What is the trend?
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Useful data or statistics can provide:
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image citation: Data Analytics: making decisions in an uncertain world, 2022. Available at https://mbainternationalbusiness.net/2022/06/data-analytics-making-decisions-in-an-uncertain-world/
Data and statistics can check our assumptions by providing proof of a trend. Is it really declining or on the rise? Data and statistics are often used to backup a statement along with other kinds of evidence in order to corroborate a claim. Data can also provide insight into what is or isn’t being collected or examined -- in other words, not every topic or question has a clear data point.
Relevant data and statistics can provide clear evidence in support of a claim, and appeal to the reader's /audience's logic when considering your ideas -- so it adds to the the writer's/speaker’s LOGOS.
Google search tips
Add site:edu or site:gov to limit your search to .edu or .gov sites
Limiting your search to the areas of the web where the information is most reliable, such as education sites or government sites is a good way to find credible sources.
For example, a search for nutritional supplements, will bring up many commercial (.com) sites trying to sell you vitamins. If you search for nutritional supplements site:gov , the top results (except for the sponsored ads) will be sites such as the National Institute of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, which are authoritative, unbiased sources that are not trying to sell you anything.
If you search for nutritional supplements site:edu, your top results will be from universities providing research on nutritional supplements.
Add research OR study OR data OR statistics OR trends to ask Google to find any of those words in a search.
Use a minus sign to exclude words.
For example, if you are looking for weather information in Portland, Maine you could add -oregon to your search to exclude web sites with the word "oregon."
Or to exclude commercial web sites, add -site:com to your search. For example, nutritional supplements -site:com
- "How To Google Like A Pro! Top 10 Google Search Tips & Tricks 2020"Video tutorial (5:40 minutes)
Data repositories & Research institutes
- Center for American ProgressThe Center for American Progress is an independent, progressive, nonpartisan policy institute dedicated to improving the lives of all Americans.
- Gallup PollCurrent polls and research on a wide variety of topics. They often track polling responses over time, so you can see shifts in public opinion.
- PEW Research CenterPew Research Center is an independent center that conducts polls and studies. Social issues and technology focused.
- Portland Metro and Oregon Research: Data and statisticsSupport for research about local issues, places, laws, people, history, and more.
- Last Updated: Feb 26, 2025 4:21 PM
- URL: https://guides.pcc.edu/variety
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